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Topic 19: Organisms and their Environment

5 subtopics · Energy flow, food webs, pyramids, the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and population growth

📖 Open Full Study Guide → 🏆 Challenge Prep Guide — Master the tricky questions
Heads up — every Biology exam here is Challenge level. There are no standard mocks for Biology: all six papers for this topic are deliberately harder than a normal Cambridge paper. So read your scores in that light — a mark that looks low here would usually be higher on a real paper.
19.1
Energy Flow
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The Sun as the input, and where the energy eventually goes
19.2
Food Chains, Food Webs and Trophic Levels
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Producers and consumers, the arrow that means “is eaten by”, and reading a web
19.3
Ecological Pyramids and Energy Efficiency
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Numbers, biomass and energy — and why chains rarely reach five levels
19.4
The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles
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The six carbon processes, and the full nitrogen cycle including deamination
19.5
Populations and the Sigmoid Curve
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Population, community and ecosystem, and the four phases of growth
19.6
Exam Technique & the Vocabulary That Scores
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Nutrients cycle, energy does not — and the arrow points the other way
📝 Topic 19 Challenge Exams
3 × Paper 2 (MCQ) · 3 × Paper 4 (Theory) · all Challenge level
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