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Topic 13: Excretion in Humans

4 subtopics · Getting rid of what your own metabolism produces, before it poisons you

📖 Open Full Study Guide → 🏆 Challenge Prep Guide — Master the tricky questions
Heads up — every Biology exam here is Challenge level. There are no standard mocks for Biology: all six papers for this topic are deliberately harder than a normal Cambridge paper. So read your scores in that light — a mark that looks low here would usually be higher on a real paper.
13.1
What Excretion Is, and the Organs That Do It
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Excretion vs egestion — the distinction that costs the most marks
13.2
The Urinary System and the Kidney
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Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the cortex and medulla
13.3
The Nephron — Filtration and Reabsorption
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What is filtered out, what comes back, and what is left as urine
13.4
The Liver, Deamination and Urea
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Where urea actually comes from, and why the liver not the kidney makes it
13.5
Exam Technique & the Vocabulary That Scores
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Ureter or urethra — one letter, one whole mark
📝 Topic 13 Challenge Exams
3 × Paper 2 (MCQ) · 3 × Paper 4 (Theory) · all Challenge level
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