Rotation: Different crops each year (legumes fix nitrogen)
Intercropping: Multiple crops in same field
Irrigation: Trickle/drip (efficient), rainwater harvesting, automated watering
Mechanisation: Tractors instead of hand labour
GMOs: Genetically modified for drought/pests
Controlled environments: Greenhouses, hydroponics, aeroponics
Managed grazing: Rotate livestock so grass regenerates
Urban farming: Vertical farms, rooftop gardens
Agroforestry: Trees + crops together
Fertilisers: Inorganic (NPK) or organic (manure, compost)
Pest control: Chemical (sprays) or biological (predators)

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